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# UniConfig NETCONF

# Overview

NETCONF is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) protocol used for configuration and monitoring of devices in a network. It can be used to “create, recover, update, and delete configurations of network devices”. The base NETCONF protocol is described in RFC-6241.

NETCONF operations are overlaid on the Remote Procedure Call (RPC) layer and may be described in either XML or JSON.

# NETCONF southbound plugin

# Introduction to southbound plugin and netconf-connectors

The NETCONF southbound plugin is capable of connecting to remote NETCONF devices and exposing their configuration/operational datastores, RPCs and notifications as MD-SAL mount points. These mount points allow applications and remote users (over RESTCONF) to interact with the mounted devices.

In terms of RFCs, the southbound plugin supports:

NETCONF is fully model-driven (utilizing the YANG modelling language) so in addition to the above RFCs, it supports any data/RPC/notifications described by a YANG model that is implemented by the device.

By mounting of NETCONF device a new netconf-connector is created. This connector is responsible for:

  • keeping state of NETCONF session between NETCONF client that resides on FRINX UniConfig distribution and NETCONF server (remote network device)
  • sending / receiving of NETCONF RPCs that are used for reading / configuration of network device
  • interpreting of NETCONF RPCs by mapping of their content using loaded device-specific YANG schemas

There are 2 ways for configuring a new netconf-connector: NETCONF or RESTCONF. This guide focuses on using RESTCONF.

# Spawning of netconf-connectors while the controller is running

To configure a new netconf-connector (NETCONF mount-point) you need to create a node in configuration data-store under 'topology-netconf'. Adding of new node under NETCONF topology automatically triggers data-change-event that at the end triggers mounting process of the NETCONF device. The following example shows how to mount device with node name 'example' (make sure that the same node name is specified in URI and request body under 'node-id' leaf).

curl -X PUT \
  http://127.0.0.1:8181/rests/data/network-topology:network-topology/topology=topology-netconf/node=example \
  -d '{
      "node": [
          {
              "node-id": "example",
              "netconf-node-topology:host": "192.168.1.100",
              "netconf-node-topology:port": 22,
              "netconf-node-topology:tcp-only": false,
              "netconf-node-topology:username": "test",
              "netconf-node-topology:password": "test"
          }
      ]
  }'

This spawns a new netconf-connector with name 'example' which tries to connect to the NETCONF device at '192.168.1.100' and port '22'. Both username and password are set to 'test' and SSH is used as channel for transporting of NETCONF RPCs (if 'tcp-only' leaf is set to 'true', NETCONF application protocol is running directly on top of the TCP protocol).

Right after the new netconf-connector is created, NETCONF layer writes some useful metadata into the operational data-store of MD-SAL under the network-topology subtree. This metadata can be found at:

curl -X GET \
  http://127.0.0.1:8181/rests/data/network-topology:network-topology/topology=topology-netconf/node=example?content=nonconfig

Information about connection status, device capabilities, etc. can be found there.

You can check the configuration of device by accessing of 'yang-ext:mount' container that is created under every mounted NETCONF node. The new netconf-connector will now be present there. Just invoke:

curl -X GET \
  http://127.0.0.1:8181/rests/data/network-topology:network-topology/topology=topology-netconf/node=example/yang-ext:mount?content=config

The response will contain the whole configuration of NETCONF device. You can fetch smaller slice of configuration using more specific URLs under 'yang-ext:mount' too.

# Authentification with private/public key

This type of authentification is used when you want to connect to the NETCONF device via private/public key, it is necessary to save public key into device, then put private key into UniConfig and when trying to configure NETCONF mount-point to connect via ssh key and not password.

To accomplish that, follow these steps :

1. Generate private/public key-pair on your local machine

$ ssh-keygen -b 1024 -t rsa -f sshkey -m pem

2. Change .pub format into .bin format

$ cat sshkey.pub | cut -f 2 -d ' ' | base64 -d sshkey.bin

3. Copy public key into device directory. Password of the device will be required.

scp asr_sshkey.bin cisco@192.168.1.216:disk0:/

4. (Optional) Check if the public key is on device

$ ssh cisco@192.168.1.216
(password)

#dir

(you will see this)

    Directory of /misc/scratch
   46 -rw-r--r-- 1   151 Feb 21 20:10 asr_sshkey.bin
   30 -rw-rw-rw- 1   810 Oct 31 08:58 cvac.log
 8178 drwxr-xr-x 2  4096 Oct 31 08:56 kim
   13 -rw-r--r-- 1  1438 Oct 31 08:53 envoke_log
 8179 drwxr-xr-x 2  4096 Jun 27  2019 crypto
   42 -rw-r--r-- 1  1524 Oct 31 08:57 status_file
16354 drwxr-xr-x 2  4096 Jul 23  2019 nvgen_traces
   12 drwxr-xr-x 2  4096 Jun 27  2019 core
   15 lrwxrwxrwx 1    12 Jun 27  2019 config -/misc/config
   11 drwx------ 2 16384 Jun 27  2019 lost+found
16353 drwxr-xr-x 8  4096 Oct 31 08:58 ztp
   14 -rw-r--r-- 1 93861 Oct 31 08:53 pnet_cfg.log
   43 -rwx------ 1   490 Oct 10 09:19 initial_configuration.txt
 8177 drwx------ 2  4096 Jun 27  2019 clihistory

5. Import public key to device

crypto key import authentication rsa disk0:/asr_sshkey.bin

6. Log in with private key to device NETCONF subsystem. Passphrase for key will be required.

$ ssh -i ./asr_sshkey cisco@192.168.1.216 -s netconf

If it is not possible use optional parameter
$ ssh -o "IdentitiesOnly=yes" -i ./asr_sshkey cisco@192.168.1.216 -s netconf

7. Start UniConfig and insert keystore with private key into it.

RPC request:

REST
    PUT
URL
    http://localhost:8181/rests/operations/netconf-keystore:add-keystore-entry
HEAD
    Accept
        application/json
    Content-Type
        application/json

BODY
{
    "input":{
        "key-credential":[
            {
                "netconf-keystore:key-id":"sshkey",
                "netconf-keystore:private-key":"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK-Info: AES-128-CBC,0C4CB5DDAAF81007B4178A05A3CEDF60
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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----",
                "netconf-keystore:passphrase":"iosxr"
            }
        ]
    }
}

8. Create mount-point with key-id

RPC request:

REST
    PUT
URL
    http://localhost:8181/rests/data/network-topology:network-topology/topology=topology-netconf/node=iosxr
HEAD
    Accept
        application/json
    Content-Type
        application/json

BODY
{
    "node" :
    {
        "node-id" : "iosxr",
        "netconf-node-topology:host": "192.168.1.216",
        "netconf-node-topology:port": 830,
        "netconf-node-topology:keepalive-delay": 0,
        "netconf-node-topology:tcp-only": false,
        "netconf-node-topology:key-based": {
            "username": "cisco",
            "key-id": "sshkey"
        }
    }
}

Delete public key

Login to device, remove rsa public key and after that, it is also possible to delete key from device directory.

$ ssh cisco@192.168.1.216
(password)

#crypto key zeroize authentication rsa
(confirm it with 'yes')

- at this point, it can be enabled again

#dir
#delete disk0:/sshkey.bin

# PKI Data persistence in NETCONF

  • PKI data is used for authentication of NETCONF sessions with the provided RSA private key. The corresponding public key must be stored on the device side.
  • Keys are identified using a unique 'key-id'. This key identifier can be specified in the NETCONF installation request.
  • Keys can be managed using the 'remove-keystore-entry' and 'add-keystore-entry' operations. These RPC calls are part of the UniConfig transaction. Changes are not applied until they are committed by the user or the immediate commit model is used to invoke the operation.
  • Keys are stored in the UniConfig database. In a clustered environment, all nodes share the same set of keys.

# Registration of the new key

The following request demonstrates how to register a new RSA private key with a key-id of 'key1'. The private key must be specified in the PKCS#8 format. The passphrase is optional and must be specified only if the private key is encrypted.

Multiple keys can be registered at once if the user provides a list of the 'key-credential' in the input.


```bash Registration of the new key
curl --location 'http://127.0.0.1:8181/rests/operations/netconf-keystore:add-keystore-entry' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{
    "input": {
        "key-credential": [
            {
                "key-id": "key1",
                "private-key": "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----",
                "passphrase": "pa$$word"
            }
        ]
    }
}'

# Removing of the existing key

The following example shows how to remove the existing key 'key1' from UniConfig. It is possible to remove multiple keys at once.

Removing of the existing key
curl --location 'http://127.0.0.1:8181/rests/operations/netconf-keystore:remove-keystore-entry' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{
    "input": {
        "key-id": [
            "key1"
        ]
    }
}'

# Reading list of the existing keys

The following example shows how to read list of the existing keys from UniConfig.

Reading list of the existing keys
curl --location 'http://127.0.0.1:8181/rests/data/netconf-keystore:keystore/key-credential'
Sample response
{
  "key-credential": [
    {
      "key-id": "key1",
      "passphrase": "UPII5ErGsvPB7L+2OfI4xQ==",
      "private-key": "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"
    }
  ]
}

Note: Both 'passphrase' and 'private-key' are additionally encrypted by the UniConfig encryption system to protect confidential data.

# Keepalive settings

If the NETCONF session haven't been created yet, the session is tried to be established only within maximum connection timeout. If this timeout expires before NETCONF session is established, underlay NETCONF channel is closed (reconnection strategy will not be started). After the NETCONF session has been successfully created, there are two techniques how the connection state is kept alive:

  1. TCP acknowledgements - NETCONF is running on top of the TCP protocol that can handle dropped packets by decreasing of window size and resending of lost TCP segments. Working TCP connection doesn't imply working state of the application layer (NETCONF session) - keepalive messages are required too.
  2. Explicit NETCONF keepalive messages - Keepalive messages test whether NETCONF server is alive - server responds to keepalive messages within NETCONF RPC timeout.

If TCP connection is dropped or NETCONF server doesn't respond within keepalive timeout, NETCONF launches reconnection strategy. To summarize it all, there are 3 configurable parameters that can be set in mount-request:

  1. Initial connection timeout [seconds] - Specifies timeout in milliseconds after which initial connection to the NETCONF server must be established. By default, the value is set 20 s.
  2. Keepalive delay [seconds] - Delay between sending of keepalive RPC messages to the NETCONF server. Keepalive messages test state of the NETCONF session (application layer) - whether remote side is able to respond to RPC messages. Default keepalive delay is 120 seconds.
  3. Request transaction timeout [seconds] - Timeout for blocking RPC operations within transactions. Southbound plugin stops to wait for RPC reply after this timeout expires. By default, it is set to 60 s.

Example with set keepalive parameters at creation of NETCONF mount-point (connection timeout, keepalive delay and request timeout):

{
  "node": [
      {
          ...
          "netconf-node-topology:session-timers": {
              "netconf-node-topology:initial-connection-timeout-": 5,
              "netconf-node-topology:keepalive-delay": 60,
              "netconf-node-topology:request-transaction-timeout": 10
          }
      }
  ]
}

# Reconnection strategy

Reconnection strategies are used for recovering of the lost connection to the NETCONF server. The behaviour of the reconnection can be described by 3 configurable mount-request parameters:

  1. Maximum number of connection attempts [count] - Maximum number of initial connection retries; when it is reached, the NETCONF won't try to connect to device anymore. By default, this value is set to 1.
  2. Maximum number of reconnection attempts [count] - Maximum number of reconnection retries; when it is reached, the NETCONF won't try to reconnect to device anymore. By default, this value is set to 1.
  3. Initial timeout between attempts [seconds] - The first timeout between reconnection attempts in milliseconds. The default timeout value is set to 2000 ms.
  4. Reconnection attempts multiplier [factor] - After each reconnection attempt, the delay between reconnection attempts is multiplied by this factor. By default, it is set to 1.5. This means that the next delay between attempts will be 3 s, then it will be 4,5 s, etc.

Example with set reconnection parameters at creation of NETCONF mount-point - maximum connection attempts, initial delay between attempts and sleep factor:

{
  "node": [
      {
          ...
          "netconf-node-topology:session-timers": {
              "netconf-node-topology:max-connection-attempts": 10,
              "netconf-node-topology:max-reconnection-attempts": 10,
              "netconf-node-topology:between-attempts-timeout": 8,
              "netconf-node-topology:reconnection-attempts-multiplier": 1.0
          }
      }
  ]
}

# Local NETCONF cache repositories

The netconf-connector in OpenDaylight relies on 'ietf-netconf-monitoring' support when connecting to remote NETCONF device. The 'ietf-netconf-monitoring' feature allows netconf-connector to list and download all YANG schemas that are used by the device. These YANG schemas are afterwards used by NETCONF southbound plugin for interpretation of RPCs. The following rules apply for maintaining of local NETCONF cache repositories:

  • By default, for each device type, the separate local repository is prepared.
  • All NETCONF repositories are backed up by separate sub-directory under 'cache' directory of UniConfig Distribution.
  • NETCONF device types are distinguished by unique set of YANG source identifiers - module names and revision numbers. For example, if 2 NETCONF devices differ only in revision of one YANG schema, these NETCONF devices are recognized to have different device types.
  • Format of the name of generated NETCONF cache directory at runtime is 'schema_id', where 'id' represents unique integer computed from hash of all source identifiers. This generation of cache directory name is launched only at mounting of new NETCONF device and only if another directory with the same set of source identifiers haven't been registered yet.
  • You can still manually provide NETCONF cache directories with another format before starting of UniConfig Distribution or at runtime - such directories don't have to follow 'schema_id' format.

The NETCONF repository can be registered in 3 ways:

  1. Implicitly by mounting of NETCONF device that has NETCONF monitoring capability and another devices with the same type hasn't already been mounted.
  2. At booting of FRINX UniConfig distribution, all existing sub-directories of 'cache' root directory are registered as separate NETCONF repositories.
  3. At runtime, by invocation of 'schema-resources:register-repository' RPC.

Already registered schema repositories can be listed using following request:

curl -X GET \
  http://127.0.0.1:8181/rests/data/schema-resources:odl-nodes?content=nonconfig

It should return list of ODL nodes in cluster with list of all loaded repositories. Each repository have associated list of source identifiers. See the following example of GET request output:

{
    "odl-nodes": {
        "odl-node-state": [
            {
                "odl-node-id": "127.0.0.1:2550",
                "loaded-repository": [
                    {
                        "repository-name": "schema_1757284974",
                        "source-identifier": [
                            {
                                "module-name": "module1",
                                "module-revision": "2015-11-09"
                            },
                            {
                                "module-name": "module2",
                                "module-revision": "2015-05-14"
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "repository-name": "schema_2018244966",
                        "source-identifier": [
                            {
                                "module-name": "moduleX",
                                "module-revision": "2019-01-09"
                            },
                            {
                                "module-name": "moduleY",
                                "module-revision": "2019-01-01"
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
}

# Local Netconf default cache repository

Before booting of FRINX UniConfig, the user can put the 'default' repository in the ‘cache’ directory. This directory should contain the most frequently missing sources. As mentioned above, if the device supports ‘ietf-netconf-monitoring’ and there is no directory in the 'cache' with all sources that the device requires, then NETCONF will generate directory with name ‘schema_id’, where ‘id’ represents unique integer. The generated repository may not contain all required schemas because device may not provide them. In such case, the missing sources will be searched in the 'default' repository and if sources will be located there, generated repository will be supplemented by the missing sources. In general, there are 2 situations that can occur:

  1. Missing imports

The device requires and provides a resource which for its work requires additional resources that are not covered by provided resources.

  1. Source that is not covered by provided sources

The device requires but does not provide a specific source.

note Using the 'default' directory in the 'cache' directory is optional.

# Connecting to a device not supporting NETCONF monitoring

NETCONF connector can only communicate with a device if it knows the set of used schemas (or at least a subset). However, some devices use YANG models internally but do not support NETCONF monitoring. Netconf-connector can also communicate with these devices, but you must load required YANG models manually. In general, there are 2 situations you might encounter:

  1. NETCONF device does not support 'ietf-netconf-monitoring' but it does list all its YANG models as capabilities in HELLO message

This could be a device that internally uses, for example, 'ietf-inet-types' YANG model with revision '2010-09-24'. In the HELLO message, that is sent from this device, there is this capability reported as the following string (other YANG schemas can be reported as capabilities in the similar format):

urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-inet-types?module=ietf-inet-types&revision=2010-09-24

The format of the capability string is following:

[NAMESPACE]?module=[MODULE_NAME]&revision=[REVISION]
  • [NAMESPACE] - Namespace that is specified in the YANG schema.
  • [MODULE_NAME] - Name of the YANG module.
  • [REVISION] - The newest revision that is specified in the YANG schema (it should be specified as the first one in the file). note Revision number is not mandatory (YANG model doesn't have to contain revision number) - then, the capability is specified without the '&' and revision too. For such devices you have to side load all device YANG models into separate sub-directory under 'cache' directory (you can choose random name for this directory, but directory must contain only YANG files of one device type).
  1. NETCONF device does not support 'ietf-netconf-monitoring' and it does NOT list its YANG models as capabilities in HELLO message

Compared to device that lists its YANG models in HELLO message, in this case there would be no specified capabilities in the HELLO message. This type of device basically provides no information about the YANG schemas it uses so its up to the user of OpenDaylight to properly configure netconf-connector for this device. Netconf-connector has an optional configuration attribute called 'yang-module-capabilities' and this attribute can contain a list of 'yang-module-based' capabilities. By setting this configuration attribute, it is possible to override the 'yang-module-based' capabilities reported in HELLO message of the device. To do this, we need to mount NETCONF device or modify the configuration of existing netconf-connector by adding the configuration snippet with explicitly specified capabilities (it needs to be added next to the address, port, username etc. configuration elements). The following example shows explicit specification of 6 capabilities:

"netconf-node-topology:yang-module-capabilities": {
    "capability": [
        "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:a?module=module-a&revision=2018-04-09",
        "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:b?module=module-b&revision=2014-06-09",
        "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:c?module=module-c&revision=1998-10-19",
        "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:d?module=module-damp;revision=2018-04-09",
        "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:e?module=module-e&revision=2017-09-17",
        "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:f?module=module-f"
    ]
}

Remember to also put the YANG schemas into the cache folder like in the case 1.

# Registration or refreshing of NETCONF cache repository using RPC

This RPC can be used for registration of new NETCONF cache repository or updating of NETCONF cache repository. This is useful when user wants to add new NETCONF cache repository at runtime of FRINX UniConfig distribution for device that doesn't support 'ietf-netconf-monitoring' feature. It can also be used for refreshing of repository contents (YANG schemas) at runtime.

The following example shows how to register a NETCONF repository with name 'example-repository'. The name of the provided repository must equal to name of the directory which contains YANG schemas.

curl -X POST \
  http://127.0.0.1:8181/rests/operations/schema-resources:register-repository \
  -d '{
    "input": {
      "repository-name": "example-repository"
    }
  }'

If the repository registration or refreshing process ends successfully, the output contains just set 'status' leaf with 'success' value:

{
    "output": {
        "status": "success"
    }
}

On the other side, if the directory with input 'repository-name' does not exist, directory doesn't contain any YANG files, or schema context cannot be built using provided YANG sources the response body will contain 'failed' 'status' and set 'error-message'. For example, non-existing directory name produces following response:

{
    "output": {
        "status": "failed",
        "error-message": "Repository with name 'example-repository' doesn't exist in file-system under cache directory."
    }
}

Constraints:

  • Only the single repository can be registered using one RPC request.
  • Removal of registered repositories is not supported for now.

# Reconfiguring netconf-connector while the controller is running

It is possible to change the configuration of an already mounted NETCONF device while the whole controller is running. This example will continue where the last left off and will change the configuration for the existing netconf-connector after it was spawned. Using one RESTCONF request, we will change both username and password for the netconf-connector.

To update an existing netconf-connector you need to send following request to RESTCONF:

curl -X PUT \
  http://127.0.0.1:8181/rests/data/network-topology:network-topology/topology=topology-netconf/node=example \
  -d '{
      "node": [
          {
              "node-id": "example",
              "netconf-node-topology:host": "192.168.1.100",
              "netconf-node-topology:port": 22,
              "netconf-node-topology:tcp-only": false,
              "netconf-node-topology:username": "bob",
              "netconf-node-topology:password": "passwd"
          }
      ]
  }'

Since a PUT is a replace operation, the whole configuration must be specified along with the new values for username and password. This should result in a '2xx' response and the instance of netconf-connector called 'example' will be reconfigured to use username 'bob' and password 'passwd'. New configuration can be verified by executing:

curl -X GET \
  http://127.0.0.1:8181/rests/data/network-topology:network-topology/topology=topology-netconf/node=example?content=config

With new configuration, the old connection will be closed and a new one established.

# Destroying of netconf-connector

Using RESTCONF one can also destroy an instance of a netconf-connector - NETCONF connection will be dropped and all resources associated with NETCONF mount-point on NETCONF layer will be cleaned (both CONFIGURATION and OPERATIONAL data-store information). To do this, simply issue a request to following URL:

curl -X DELETE \
  http://127.0.0.1:8181/rests/data/network-topology:network-topology/topology=topology-netconf/node=example

The last element of the URL is the name of the mount-point.

# NETCONF TESTTOOL

# Testtool overview

NETCONF testtool is the Java application that:

  • Can be used for simulation of 1 or more NETCONF devices (it is suitable for scale testing).
  • Uses core implementation of NETCONF NORTHBOUND server.
  • Provides broad configuration options of simulated devices.
  • Supports YANG notifications.

NETCONF testtool is available at netconf repository of ODL (<https://git.opendaylight.org/gerrit/admin/repos/netconf under 'netconf/tools/netconf-testtool' module. After building of this module using maven (just invoke command 'mvn clean install' in this directory), the java executable can be found in appeared 'target' directory with name 'netconf-testtool-[version]-executable.jar' (version placeholder depends on used release).

Up-to-date NETCONF testtool is also available at frinx artifactory https://artifactory.frinx.io/.
Up-to-date NETCONF testtool is also available at DockerHub as Docker Image.

# Starting of the NETCONF testtool

After NETCONF testtool has been built, it can be used using the following command:

java -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom \
     --agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=127.0.0.1:8000 \
     -Xmx1G \
     -jar netconf-testtool-[version]-executable.jar \
     --ssh SSH \
     --md-sal MD-SAL \
     --device-count DEVICE-COUNT \
     --starting-port STARTING-PORT \
     --schemas-dir SCHEMAS-DIR \
     --debug ENABLE-DEBUGGING

Please see used fields and placeholders explained below ...

Multi line example with values replacing placeholders e.g.:

java -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom \
     -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=127.0.0.1:8000 \
     -Xmx1G \
     -jar netconf-testtool-5.1.5-20230310.105106-8-executable.jar \
     --ssh true \
     --md-sal true \
     --device-count 10 \
     --starting-port 17830 \
     --schemas-dir schema-1987709419 \
     --debug true

Usually no need to debug (it can be omitted) and long jar executable can be renamed:

java -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom \
     -Xmx1G \
     -jar netconf-testtool.jar \
     --ssh true \
     --md-sal true \
     --device-count 10 \
     --starting-port 17830 \
     --schemas-dir schema-1987709419

One liner example:

java -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom -Xmx1G -jar netconf-testtool.jar --ssh true --md-sal true --device-count 10 --starting-port 17830 --schemas-dir schema-1987709419

The following snippet shows output from successfully simulated NETCONF device (notice the last line that shows hint, on which TCP ports simulated devices have been started):

12
12:33:32.852 [main] INFO  o.o.n.t.tool.NetconfDeviceSimulator - Loading models from directory.
12:33:42.490 [main] INFO  o.o.n.t.tool.NetconfDeviceSimulator - using PersistentMdsalOperationProvider.
12:33:42.491 [main] INFO  o.o.n.t.tool.NetconfDeviceSimulator - data will be persisted across sessions
12:33:42.575 [main] INFO  o.a.s.c.u.s.b.BouncyCastleSecurityProviderRegistrar - getOrCreateProvider(BC) created instance of org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider
12:33:42.625 [main] WARN  io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap - Unknown channel option 'SO_BACKLOG' for channel '[id: 0x3fb75375]'
...
12:33:42.714 [main] INFO  o.o.n.t.tool.NetconfDeviceSimulator - All simulated devices started successfully from port 17830 to 17839

You can check occupied ports and netconf-testool process like this:

sudo ss -tlp
ps aux | grep java

Description of some of the used fields and placeholders:

  • SCHEMAS-DIR - Path to the directory that contains YANG schemas used for simulation of all NETCONF devices.
  • DEVICE-COUNT - Number of NETCONF devices that should be simulated at once.
  • ENABLE-DEBUGGING - It should be set to 'true', if you want to see detailed debugging messages from simulation of NETCONF device (for example, received and sent RPC messages); otherwise it should be set to 'false' (INFO logging level is used).
  • STARTING-PORT - The first TCP port on which the first simulated device will listen on - other simulated devices will reserve next TCP ports in order by incrementing of this value.
  • SSH - It should be set to 'true' if NETCONF session should be created on top of SSH session. If it is set to 'false', TCP is used as carrier protocol.
  • MD-SAL - Whether to use md-sal datastore ('true') instead of default simulated datastore ('false').

All configurable parameters can be fetched using help modifier:

java -jar netconf-testtool-[version]-executable.jar -h

e.g.

usage: netconf testtool [-h] [--edit-content EDIT-CONTENT] [--async-requests {true,false}] [--thread-amount THREAD-AMOUNT]
                        [--throttle THROTTLE] [--auth AUTH AUTH] [--controller-destination CONTROLLER-DESTINATION]
                        [--device-count DEVICES-COUNT] [--devices-per-port DEVICES-PER-PORT] [--schemas-dir SCHEMAS-DIR]
                        [--notification-file NOTIFICATION-FILE] [--initial-config-xml-file INITIAL-CONFIG-XML-FILE]
                        [--starting-port STARTING-PORT] [--generate-config-connection-timeout GENERATE-CONFIG-CONNECTION-TIMEOUT]
                        [--generate-config-address GENERATE-CONFIG-ADDRESS] [--generate-configs-batch-size GENERATE-CONFIGS-BATCH-SIZE]
                        [--distribution-folder DISTRO-FOLDER] [--ssh {true,false}] [--exi {true,false}] [--debug {true,false}]
                        [--md-sal {true,false}] [--md-sal-persistent {true,false}] [--time-out TIME-OUT] [-ip IP]
                        [--thread-pool-size THREAD-POOL-SIZE] [--rpc-config RPC-CONFIG]

Netconf Testtool

Simulates netconf devices:
- one device per port
- can simulate tens of thousands of devices at a time
- supports basic netconf get-config, edit-config, lock, unlock, discard-changes + notifications
- 2 modes:
 - simple: replies with static content to each get-config operation. Edit-config is ignored, filtering doesn't work
- md-sal: full blown basic netconf device. Starts  with  empty  data  store.  Can  persist  data  across sessions or isolate sessions to a
device/port


Example usage:

- Running a single simulated device emulating IOS XR with fully supported netconf datastore. Wipes out datastore for every session

	java -jar ./netconf-testtool-executable.jar --schemas-dir ~/iosxr/ --md-sal true


- Running a single simulated device emulating IOS XR with fully supported netconf datastore. Preserves datastore content across sessions

	java -jar ./netconf-testtool-executable.jar --schemas-dir ~/iosxr/ --md-sal true --md-sal-persistent true


- Running a single simulated device emulating IOS XR with  hardcoded  response  to get-config. Netconf subtree filtering is not working in
this setup

	java -jar ./netconf-testtool-executable.jar --schemas-dir ~/iosxr/ --initial-config-xml-file data.xml --notification-file notif.xml

	Note:  File  data.xml  should  look  like  this:  '<config  xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0"><interface-configurations>...
</interface-configurations></config>' 
	Note:   File   notif.xml   should   look   like   this:   '<notifications><notification><times>0</times><delay>0</delay><content><![CDATA
[<eventTime>XXXX</eventTime>]]></content></notification></notifications>' 


named arguments:
  -h, --help             show this help message and exit
  --edit-content EDIT-CONTENT
  --async-requests {true,false}
  --thread-amount THREAD-AMOUNT
                         The number of threads to use for configuring devices.
  --throttle THROTTLE    Maximum amount of async requests that can be open at  a  time, with mutltiple threads this gets divided among all
                         threads
  --auth AUTH AUTH       Username and password for HTTP basic authentication in order username password.
  --controller-destination CONTROLLER-DESTINATION
                         Ip address and port of controller. Must  be  in  following  format  <ip>:<port>  if available it will be used for
                         spawning  netconf  connectors  via  topology  configuration  as   a  part  of  URI.  Example  (http://<controller
                         destination>/restconf/config/network-topology:network-topology/topology/topology-netconf/node/<node-id>)
                         otherwise it will just start simulated devices and skip the execution of PUT requests
  --device-count DEVICES-COUNT
                         Number of simulated netconf devices to spin. This is the number of actual ports open for the devices.
  --devices-per-port DEVICES-PER-PORT
                         Amount of config files generated per port to spoof more devices then are actually running
  --schemas-dir SCHEMAS-DIR
                         Directory containing yang schemas to describe simulated  devices.  Some  schemas e.g. netconf monitoring and inet
                         types are included by default
  --notification-file NOTIFICATION-FILE
                         Xml file containing notifications that should be sent to clients after create subscription is called
  --initial-config-xml-file INITIAL-CONFIG-XML-FILE
                         Xml file containing initial simulatted configuration to be returned via get-config rpc
  --starting-port STARTING-PORT
                         First port for simulated device. Each other device will have previous+1 port number
  --generate-config-connection-timeout GENERATE-CONFIG-CONNECTION-TIMEOUT
                         Timeout to be generated in initial config files
  --generate-config-address GENERATE-CONFIG-ADDRESS
                         Address to be placed in generated configs
  --generate-configs-batch-size GENERATE-CONFIGS-BATCH-SIZE
                         Number of connector configs per generated file
  --distribution-folder DISTRO-FOLDER
                         Directory where the karaf distribution for controller is located
  --ssh {true,false}     Whether to use ssh for transport or just pure tcp
  --exi {true,false}     Whether to use exi to transport xml content
  --debug {true,false}   Whether to use debug log level instead of INFO
  --md-sal {true,false}  Whether to use md-sal datastore instead of default simulated datastore.
  --md-sal-persistent {true,false}
                         Whether to persist data in the md-sal datastore across sessions
  --time-out TIME-OUT    the maximum time in seconds for executing each PUT request
  -ip IP                 Ip address which will be used for creating a  socket  address.It  can either be a machine name, such as java.sun.
                         com, or a textual representation of its IP address.
  --thread-pool-size THREAD-POOL-SIZE
                         The number of threads to keep in the pool, when creating a device simulator. Even if they are idle.
  --rpc-config RPC-CONFIG
                         Rpc config file. It can be used to  define  custom  rpc  behavior, or override the default one.Usable for testing
                         buggy device behavior.

Notes:

  1. while you use --md-sal true devices are started with empty datastore. You can put initial config via netconf session or via uniconfig operations.
  2. --md-sal true --md-sal-persistent true will preserves datastore content across netconf sessions
  3. --initial-config-xml-file data.xml overrides --md-sal true and send hardcoded response to get-config.
  4. --notification-file notif.xml notification support

# Starting of the NETCONF testtool from Docker Image

  1. download docker image using download command
docker pull frinx/netconf-testtool
  1. run it using docker run command
docker run -it frinx/netconf-testtool
  1. you can use options of Netconf test tool starting script
-x or --xmx to set Java heap for test tool
-p or --port to set starting port
-d or --devices to set number of simulated devices
-s or --schemas to set schemas folder (required firstly mount schemas folder to docker container using -v)
-i or --init-conf to set initial simulated config to be returned by get-config RPC (required firstly mount this config file to docker container using -v)
--ssh to enable ssh
--md-sal to enable md-sal
--debug to run in debug mode
-h or --help to display help options
--override to override these options to access all netconf test tool options directly

note
To set value of xmx is required to separate -x or --xmx option and value of xmx with space.
When using xmx setting option together with override option, it is required to use xmx setting option first before override.
All options and their values should be separated with space.
Setting to enable ssh or md-sal requires only option ssh or md-sal to be present to enable these functions and no other value is required.
When override is used, then it is not possible to set any other option from simple interface except Java specific options, like xmx and partially also debug.
After override option there should be Netconf test tool complex interface options.
If you want to use external files like schemas or init config file, you should first mount them using -v option of docker.
You should use --publish option to publish ports if you want to use them.
You can use --rm option after docker run to automatically remove docker container after it is stopped.

docker run --publish 1024-1123:1024-1123 -v ./schemas:/opt/schemas -v ./i.xml:/opt/i.xml -it frinx/netconf-testtool \
--xmx 1G --port 1024 --devices 100 --schemas ./schemas --init-conf ./i.xml --ssh --md-sal --debug
  1. you can also use help option to show how to use it using -h or --help
docker run --rm -it frinx/netconf-testtool --help
  1. you can also override simple interface of starting script and use all options of test tool directly
docker run --publish 1024-1123:1024-1123 -v ./schemas:/opt/schemas -v ./i.xml:/opt/i.xml -v ./notification.xml:/opt/notification.xml \
            -it frinx/netconf-testtool --xmx 1G --override \
            --ssh true \
            --md-sal true \
            --starting-port 1024 \
            --device-count 100 \
            --schemas-dir ./schemas \
            --initial-config ./i.xml \
            --notification-file ./notification.xml \
            --debug true

note
If you override starting script options, you should set Java heap size using -x or --xmx option before --override option.
You could not use any other starting script options except xmx and debug option.
If you override starting script options, --debug option activate only Java and shell debug mode, but not debug mode of test tool itself.
If you want to start debug mode of netconf test tool, you should use debug options of Netconf test tool directly.

  1. you can also override docker entrypoint and run netconf test tool by custom way using all options including java options and run like bellow
docker run --publish 1024-1123:1024-1123 -v ./schemas:/opt/schemas -v ./i.xml:/opt/i.xml -v ./notifications.xml:/opt/notification.xml \
-it --entrypoint /bin/bash frinx/netconf-testtool

and in docker container shell:

java -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom \
     -Xmx1G \
     -jar netconf-testtool-executable.jar \
     --ssh true \
     --md-sal true \
     --device-count 100 \
     --starting-port 1024 \
     --schemas-dir ./schemas \
     --initial-config ./i.xml \
     --notification-file ./notification.xml \
     --debug true
  1. in custom way of running test tool there are these files, placed in /opt folder
netconf-testtool-executable.jar   file to run netconf test tool
run_netconf_testtool.sh           shell script file to start netconf test tool as default entrypoint

# Prepare init config via Uniconfig for simulated netconf-testtool device

  1. start Uniconfig - in cache folder there can be present the folder with device yang models to preload them faster
  2. start netconf-testool with schema-dir folder of device yang models
java -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=127.0.0.1:8000 -Xmx1G -jar testtool.jar --schemas-dir schema-1987709419 --device-count 1 --debug false --starting-port 36000 --ssh true --md-sal true
  1. install device
curl --location --request POST 'http://localhost:8181/rests/operations/connection-manager:install-node' \
--header 'Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46YWRtaW4=' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '{
    "input": {
        "node-id": "testtool-setup",
        "netconf": {
            "netconf-node-topology:host": "10.19.0.20",
            "netconf-node-topology:port": 36000,
            "netconf-node-topology:keepalive-delay": 5,
            "netconf-node-topology:max-connection-attempts": 1,
            "netconf-node-topology:connection-timeout-millis": 60000,
            "netconf-node-topology:default-request-timeout-millis": 60000,
            "netconf-node-topology:tcp-only": false,
            "netconf-node-topology:username": "admin",
            "netconf-node-topology:password": "admin",
            "netconf-node-topology:sleep-factor": 1.0,
            "uniconfig-config:install-uniconfig-node-enabled": false,
            "uniconfig-config:uniconfig-native-enabled": false
        }
    }
}'
  1. send init config to the netconf-testtool device via uniconfig
curl --location --request PUT 'http://127.0.0.1:8181/rests/data/network-topology:network-topology/topology=topology-netconf/node=testtool-setup/yang-ext:mount/system' \
--header 'Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46YWRtaW4=' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '{
    "system:system": {
        "identification": {
            "latitude": "31.202149",
            "name": "Site2Branch2",
            "longitude": "-96.666829",
            "location": "Somewhere"
        },
        "users": [
            {
                "name": "admin",
                "login": "shell",
                "role": "admin"
            },
            {
                "name": "my_device",
                "login": "shell",
                "role": "admin"
            }
        ],
        "ssh": {
            "client-alive-count-max": 0,
            "client-alive-interval": 300
        },
        "time-zone": "America/Los_Angeles",
        "services": {
            "ssh": "enabled",
            "sftp": "disabled",
            "www": "enabled"
        },
        "session": {
            "reevaluate-reverse-flow": false,
            "tcp-send-reset": false,
            "check-tcp-syn": false,
            "tcp-secure-reset": false,
            "tcp-adjust-mss": {
                "enable": true,
                "interface-types": "tunnel"
            }
        }
    }
}'

# Example of notification file 

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' standalone='yes'?>

<notifications>
<!-- Notifications are processed in the order they are defined in XML -->
<!-- Notification that is sent only once right after create-subscription is called -->
<notification>
    <!-- Content of each notification entry must contain the entire notification with event time. Event time can be hardcoded, or generated by testtool if XXXX is set as eventtime in this XML -->
    <content><![CDATA[
        <notification xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:notification:1.0">
            <eventTime>XXXX</eventTime>
            <random-notification xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netmod:test">
                <random-content>single no delay</random-content>
            </random-notification>
        </notification>
    ]]></content>
</notification>
<!-- Repeated Notification that is sent 5 times with 2 second delay inbetween -->
<notification>
    <!-- Delay in seconds from previous notification -->
    <delay>20</delay>
    <!-- Number of times this notification should be repeated -->
    <times>5</times>
    <content><![CDATA[
        <notification xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:notification:1.0">
            <eventTime>XXXX</eventTime>
            <random-notification xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netmod:test">
                <random-content>scheduled 5 times 10 seconds each</random-content>
            </random-notification>
        </notification>
    ]]></content>
</notification>
<!-- Single notification that is sent only once right after the previous notification -->
<notification>
    <delay>20</delay>
    <content><![CDATA[
        <notification xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:notification:1.0">
            <eventTime>XXXX</eventTime>
            <random-notification xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netmod:test">
                <random-content>single with delay</random-content>
            </random-notification>
        </notification>
    ]]></content>
</notification>
</notifications>

# Increasing the maximum number of opened files

Since NETCONF testtool can be used for simulation of large number of NETCONF devices, it requires opening a lot of TCP sockets that listen on different TCP ports. In Linux systems TCP socket is also represented as file - from this reason such simulations can easily exhaust configured limit of maximum number of opened files. Then, if the buffering file for connection cannot be created on time it can cause continuous reconnection attempts.

Usually, the default soft limit for maximum number of opened files is set to 1024 (reaching this limit should produce warnings in logging messages) and hard limit to 4096 (it cannot be exceeded). For setting of custom soft and hard limits you must modify the following lines in "/etc/security/limits.conf" file:

[user-name] soft nofile 4096
[user-name] hard nofile 10240

Replace '[user-name]' by login-name of the user under whom you start NETCONF test-tool.

You can check the current limits using following commands:

ulimit -Hn
ulimit -Sn

Soft limit '4096' and hard limit '10240' should be enough, but it also depends on occupation by other applications and operating system too).

note Configured value should not reach the one that applies for all users - "cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max".

see also /etc/sysctl.conf:

#
## /etc/sysctl.conf
## Increase Outbound Connections
## Good for a service mesh and proxies like 
## Nginx/Envoy/HAProxy/Varnish and applications that
## need long-lived connections.
## Careful not to set the range wider as you will impact
## running application ports in heavy usage situations.
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 12000 65535

## Increase Inbound Connections
## Allows for +1M more FDs
## An FD is an integer value used as a traffic I/O pointer 
## on a connection with a Client.  
## The FD Int value is used to traffic packets between 
## User and Kernel Space.
fs.file-max = 1048576

# How does the FRINX UniConfig distribution use NETCONF?

FRINX UniConfig uses a NETCONF southbound connectors to communicate with downstream NETCONF-enabled devices. There are three options:

  • uniconfig-native - Using of raw device models for interaction with devices and still using Uniconfig transactions.
  • translation units - Translation units that map OpenConfig models to device models and vice-versa can be used for configuration of NETCONF devices using OpenConfig models.
  • direct using of Netconf mount-points - Modification of data under NETCONF mount-point but without option to use Uniconfig RPCs (data is exposed under 'yang-ext:mount' container).

# UniConfig-native NETCONF

UniConfig Native allows to communicate with network devices using their native YANG data models (e.g.: Cisco YANG models, JunOS YANG models, Calix YANG models, CableLabs YANG models, SROS YANG models, ...) to manage configurations. With UniConfig Native is possible to mount devices through NETCONF, sync configurations in their native format and manage those devices without the need to develop translation units. Here are some examples of NETCONF Native installation.

# Examples

Cisco IOS XR devices
iosxr/
Juniper Junos devices
junos/
Calix devices
calix/
Nokia SROS devices
sros/
IP Infusion OcNOS Devices
ocnos/